What physiological structures are opened by CPAP?

CPAP, or Continuous Positive Airway Pressure, is a therapeutic method used primarily to treat conditions like obstructive sleep apnea and certain types of respiratory distress. The primary physiological structures that CPAP works on are the alveoli, which are the tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs.

By applying a continuous positive pressure, CPAP helps to keep the alveoli open during the breathing cycle, particularly during exhalation. This prevents the alveoli from collapsing, promoting better oxygenation and overall lung function. In patients with conditions such as pulmonary edema or acute respiratory distress syndrome, the alveoli can become filled with fluid or collapse, leading to decreased oxygen exchange. CPAP helps counteract this by ensuring that these structures remain open, thus facilitating the movement of air and improving gas exchange efficiency.

This function is critical for patients who are struggling to breathe effectively, as it directly addresses the issues occurring at the level of the alveoli, leading to enhanced oxygen delivery to the tissues and improved overall respiratory mechanics.