Which person is recognized for self-determination regarding medical decisions?

The correct answer focuses on an adult's ability to make informed and voluntary medical decisions regarding their own healthcare. Adults are typically considered to possess the legal capacity required to understand the nature and consequences of their health-related decisions. This includes the ability to weigh risks and benefits and to provide informed consent for medical procedures or treatments.

In contrast, a minor generally does not have the legal authority to make such decisions independently, as they are often considered not fully capable of understanding the implications of medical choices. Although there are specific circumstances where minors may be allowed to make certain health decisions—often with parental consent or in emergency situations—this is not the general rule.

A designated decision maker, such as a healthcare proxy or power of attorney, is given the authority to make medical decisions on behalf of an individual. This role is contingent on the individual being unable to make decisions for themselves, often due to incapacitation. Therefore, while this person has the responsibility to represent the wishes of another, they do not have the same level of self-determination as an adult making their own choices.

Thus, the emphasis on an adult’s capability in making personal medical choices underscores the principle of self-determination, which is foundational in medical ethics and law.